BASIC GRAMMAR FOR TOEIC TEST – Ngữ pháp cơ bản Toeic Test
- Topic 1 : Subject and Verb
- Topic 2 : Object, Complement and Modifier
What is an object? What is a complement?
I like teachers.
She has become a teacher.
In the sentence I like teachers, “teachers” is the people that I like. The part of the sentence that completes the verb is called an object.
In the sentence, She has become a teacher, the phrase “a teacher” gives information about the subject She. The part of the sentence that clarifies the subject is called a complement.
What is a modifier ?
We met our teacher on Sunday
In the sentence ” We met our teacher on Sunday”, ” on Sunday” modifies the whole sentence “We met our teacher”. Without “on Sunday”, the sentence is still meaningful. The part of the sentence that is not very important and modifies the whole sentence is called a modifier.
Where is an object?
An object can follow its verb
Ex : I / run/ a company
–> A company : Object
Where is an complement?
There are two kinds of complement; each of them has a different positioning a sentence.
- A subject complement modifying the subject comes after the main verb.
- An object complement modifying the object follows the object
- EX
- She / is / a secretary –> ” a secretary = subject complement
- The news / made / workers / happy –> Workers = object / happy = object complement
- EX
Where is an modifier?
Modifiers can stand at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a sentence.
A sentence may have more than one modifier
[These days], Mr.Smith is busy
These days = Modifier
We attended the workshop [last week]
Last week = Modifier
[Of all the speakers], He is the best [that I have seen]
Of all the speakers and that i have seen = modifier
POSSIBLE OBJECT
A noun, pronoun, gerund (v-ing), to-infinitive, and noun clause can function as the object of a verb.
Noun:
The company / opened / a branch.
Pronoun:
Mr. Hoppkins/ does not know / her.
Gerund:
I / finished/preparing my presentation.
To-infinitive:
The manager/ wants / to see my results.
Noun clause:
He/ asked / that we updated our computer.
POSSIBLE COMPLEMENT
A noun, gerund (v-ing), to-infinitive, and noun clause can function as a complement. An adjective can also be a complement.
Noun:
Kevin / is / an accountant
Subject complement
The board / appointed/ Mr.Walsh/ executive
Object complement
Gerund:
Her interest/ was / cutting production costs.
Subject complement
To-infinitive
Our goal/ is / to expand our business
Subject complement
Noun clause:
The problem/ is/ that I do not have time/
Subject complement
Adjective :
The software / is/ reliable
Subject complement
The guest/ found/ our hotel / comfortable
object complement
